Pump Information
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Pump Diagram
Pump Components
Pump Head
Pump head refers to the amount of energy generally expressed in terms of feet or meters that a pump is capable of providing to pump a given fluid.
Total pump head is a combination of static head and frictional head. Static head refers to the elevation difference between the initial body of fluid to be pumped and the exit point or fluid level at the exit pont if the exit pipe is submerged or below the top of the liquid reservoir.
Total Head=Total Static Head + Fictional Head
Frictional head refers to the energy loss from fluid flow within a pipeline. As a liquid flows through a pipe there is some friction that occurs between the wall of the pipe and the fluid flowing through the pipe.
Fluid flows the fastest at the center of the pipe and flows slower near the walls of the pipe due to friction. Elbows and bends in a pipe system also cause fluid friction loss. The more bends and elbows in a pipe system the greater the resistence in the flow of fluid due to friction loss.
The smoother the inside of the transfer pipe, the lower frictional resistence will be along the pipe walls.
Static Head refers to the difference in elevation between the initial water level and how high the water must be lifted to achieve its exit point.
Note that the the static discharge head depends on whether or not the discharge exit is open to the air (Figure 1) or submerged/connected to the discharge tank/reservoir (Figures 2 & 3).
If the discharge exit is directly submerged/connected to the discharge tank/reservoir (Figures 2 & 3), then the static discharge head is the elevation difference between the pump suction inlet and top of the water in the discharge tank/reservoir.
H1=Static Suction Head
H2=Static Discharge Head
Figures 1-3: H1+H2=Total Static Head
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
When the pump inlet is below water level, then the inlet water applies positive pressure to the pump and the total
static head is the elevation difference from the pump inlet to the exit point elevation minus the height of the initial water level above the pump inlet.
Figure 4: H2-H1=Total Static Head
Figure 4
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